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Guilt
is an unpleasant or uneasy feeling caused by knowing or believing
that one has done something wrong. It comes from the Anglo-Saxon word
gylt meaning 'to offend.' In some religions guilt is
encouraged as a means of controlling peoples’ behaviour and as an
appropriate punishment for misbehaviour. In Buddhist psychology guilt
is seen as primarily negative because it involves dwelling on the
past rather than being in and understanding the present. However, the
Buddha said that a lively sense of shame (hiri)
and self-respect (ottappa) can sometimes be useful
as being what he called 'self-regulating factors' (A.I,51). For a
person who has not yet developed more mature spiritual qualities,
shame (concern for the opinion of others) and self-respect
(concern for one's opinion about oneself) can give one
added motivation to avoid wrong and do good.
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